Agent Causing Major Illnesses On Cruise Ships

The growth of the cruise ship industry has continued in the twenty-first century and it was estimated that nearly 213 million passengers traveled on cruise ships in 2013 with the majority of these sailing from North America.

Agent causing major illnesses on cruise ships. 172 of 3081 558 13 of 1161 112 Norwegian Cruise Line. The modern cruise ship is a small city on the seas with populations as large as 5000 seen on large ships. Additionally their on-board whirlpool spas were shown to be prone to causing a disease outbreak.

419 A second Celebrity Cruise ship is harbors norovirus one month later raising concerns about the lines sanitation practices. The Centers for Disease Control and Prevention CDC reports that 20 million people on land in the US. Two week ago in articles titled COVID-19 Aboard MSC Virtuosa and Passenger Dies After Super-Spreader COVID-19 Cruise on MSC Virtuosa we reported that there were arround 75 to 100 guests on the MSC cruise ship who contracted COVID-19 during a series of cruises from the UK.

The Safari Endeavour a vessel with Un-Cruise Adventures received a rating of 79 out of 100 due to a number of factors including an outbreak of gastroenteritis as well as contamination of drinks on the vessel. Leaving aside the spread of viruses through the air shafts cruise ships are notorious for spreading illnesses. Norovirus the most common causative agent of outbreaks accounted for 14911 cases among passengers and crew members during 20082014 001 of the estimated number of norovirus cases in the United States during the study period.

CDC data sheds light on how coronavirus spread on cruise ships Officials performed contact tracing on 11000 passengers and crew members from affected ships By Michael Hollan Fox News. While the Cruise Minus website used to report events only on cruise vessels CruiseMapper has reports also on cruiseferries largest Ro-Ro ships with passenger cabins and riverboats. Are reporting that a cruise ship passenger who used a cruise in the Caribbean last fall as a cover to smuggle cocaine has been jailed.

Incidents of norovirus or other gastrointestinal GI disease are quite rare on cruise ships. Patho-gens causing outbreaks of Brainerds diarrhea on cruise ships for instance have not been identified 21. The two most frequently documented etiologic agents of cruise shiprelated pneumonia outbreaks are Legionella and influenza viruses see Chapter 59.

Influenza A and B outbreaks among the cruise ship crew and passengers can occur throughout the year even when seasonal influenza activity is absent in the region of the cruise. Overall there were 21 outbreaks of AGE on 17 cruise ships of which nine were documented to be due to norovirus three due to bacterial agents and nine of unknown cause. Practical recom-mendations for the prevention of gastrointestinal infections in general as well as on cruise ships have also been reviewed 51.